Aristotle vs Plato Essay

Aristotle and Socrates and Plato’s beliefs have similarities mainly evident in their denouncement of democracy for the state. The views of Socrates expressed and written by his pupil Plato are vastly philosophical in nature and he promotes the idea of questioning life to achieve insight. The philosophers who possess the absolute truth are the best equipped to rule society according to Plato and his Allegory of the Cave. Conversely, Aristotle takes a more political science approach of discussing and analyzing various constitutions to determine the best form of government, where the rational beings in a society are the natural rulers. Aristotle promotes the idea of rule based on law rather than simple superiority. The differences in these beliefs are important because of the implications of Aristotle’s writings, which provide a way for citizens and statesmen to utilize philosophy in politics and the state. Consequently, information in Politics is seen again throughout modern politics. The similarities of Aristotle’s beliefs expressed through his writings in Politics to the beliefs of Plato and Socrates expressed in the recorded dialogues of The Republic are centered mainly on a fear of democracy. Aristotle asserts that only those who are concerned with virtue and good government should be the leaders in a society or community (CP 325). In Book III of Politics Aristotle describes what the role of the majority should be in politics, By means of these considerations, too, one might solve the problem mentioned earlier and also the related one of what the free should have authority over, that is to say, the multitude of the citizens who are not rich and have no claim whatsoever arising from virtue. For it would not be sage to have them participate in the most important offices, since, because of their lack of justice and practical wisdom, they would inevitably act unjustly in some instances and make mistakes in others. (CP 325) Through this view, Aristotle expresses his distrust of a total democracy that is parallel to the ideas of his mentors. Plato attacks democracy and describes the disbursement of political freedom to the masses as an intoxication of wine, claiming that a democratic city â€Å"gets drunk on too much unmixed freedom† (Plato). Plato details the filtration of this â€Å"drunkenness† from society disobeying rulers trickling down to the son disrespecting the father and eventually â€Å"equal rights in relations between the sexes† (Plato). Plato and Aristotle share this skepticism of democracy. The limitation of freedom, liberty, and equality not only with regards to mistrust of democracy but also in terms of denial of citizenship and justification of slavery are commonalities in the teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Plato accepts slavery throughout The Republic, because he often deems whole groups of people unworthy of freedom. Aristotle’s justifies slavery through the characteristic of rationality; he claims that there is a condition of â€Å"natural slavery† where when one being is rational and the other is not, there is a natural master-slave relationship (CP 309). â€Å"For if something is capable of rational foresight, it is a natural ruler and master, whereas whatever can use its body to labor is ruled and is a natural slave† (CP 309). These justifications of slavery make neither Plato nor Aristotle egalitarians. Aristotle and Plato both express the importance of excellence, each in different ways. Plato believes that humans are working towards excellence when they are pursuing that which they are best suited for based on the division of men into three classes: lovers of wisdom, victory, and profit (Plato). Aristotle claims that the excellence of human beings is achieved through their participation in the state, and performing their functions in society, he relies less on the caste system of Plato and more on the capability of the individual. Socrates and Plato illustrate the idea of the unawareness of humanity and its lack of enlightenment through the Allegory of the Cave. In this analogy, Plato presents a society of prisoners living in a â€Å"cavelike underground dwelling† where they have been chained foot and neck since childhood (â€Å"PLATO,? ALLEGORY? OF? THE? FORMS? FROM? THE? REPUBLIC†)). The prisoners can only see a wall directly in front of them and behind them is a fire; between the prisoners and the fire is a road that people walk along carrying things on their heads, including figures of men and animals made of wood, stone, and other materials which cast shadows on the wall in front of the prisoners (â€Å"PLATO,? ALLEGORY? OF? THE? FORMS? FROM? THE? REPUBLIC†)). Some of the people on the road talk, creating echoes in the cave. The prisoners regard these shadows and sounds as reality, as it is all they have ever known of the world. Plato and Socrates then present the situation of a prisoner who escapes from the cave, and after adjusting to the light, realizes the true nature of reality and â€Å"after that he’d contemplate the heavenly bodies and heaven itself by night, finding starlight and moonlight easier to look at than sunlight and the sun† (â€Å"PLATO,?ALLEGORY? OF? THE? FORMS? FROM? THE? REPUBLIC†). Eventually the prisoner would contemplate the sun and â€Å"conclude that this is the giver of seasons and years, curator of all in the visible sphere, the cause somehow of all that he used to see† (â€Å"PLATO,? ALLEGORY? OF? THE? FORMS? FROM? THE? REPUBLIC†). The prisoner returns to the cave, only to be doubted and misunderstood by the other prisoners. In this parable, the philosopher is like the prisoner who escapes, and is the person has seen the true reality and has been enlightened to the truth. Through this analogy, Plato describes who he believes should govern society. Since it is the philosophers who have seen true reality and understood absolute truth, they are the best suited to rule in society. Thus, the consequences of the ideas presented in the Allegory of the Cave are a ruling class of enlightened philosophers who will direct the city towards absolute truth and harmony. The differences between the philosophies of Aristotle and Plato are manifest in Aristotle’s dismissal of the Allegory of the Cave. Aristotle rejects the idea of an absolute truth, and stresses rationality rather than enlightenment as determining characteristics of a ruling class. Aristotle focuses on the importance of citizenship in Politics and the participation in the state. Aristotle claims that if indeed there are several kinds of constitution, there cannot be a single virtue that is the virtue -the complete virtude -of a good citizen, but that the good man, does express a single, complete virtue, and thus, it is possible for someone to be a good citizen without having the virtue expressed by a good man (CP 322). Aristotle challenges the idea of absolute governing power of a select class of philosopher kings that is presented by Plato and Socrates and identifies the problems that are raised by such a ruling class. The way Socrates selects his rulers is also risky. He makes the same people rule all the time, which becomes a cause of conflict even among people with no merit, and all the more so among spirited and warlike men. Aristotle assembles and exams constitutions and is in that way more of a political scientist than a philosopher, while Plato and Socrates focused on theoretical and metaphysical questions about the universe and the soul. Aristotle extends his analysis of constitutions and in doing so reveals serious political problems that would arise from Socrates and Plato’s view of governance. These problems would inhibit the individuals’ ability to participate in the state, something that Aristotle believes is essential to the good of individuals and the good of the community. Aristotle presents the problem of arising factions in Book V of Politics and states that if people have no share in office or are treated unjustly or arrogantly, the start factions and change constitutions (Moschella). Plato and Socrates believed that the philosophers knew what was best for all, and thus there would be no discontent or revolution. Aristotle’s explanation of factions caused by inequality challenges that notion and even advises increasing the middle class to help dissolve factions (Moschella). Aristotle also disagrees with the idea of the unified state presented by Socrates wherein the nuclear family is rejected and children are transferred throughout the community. Aristotle claims that the more unified a city-state becomes, the less of a city-state is becomes as city-states by definition require diversity (CP 310). This unity creates problems according to Aristotle who states, â€Å"For a household and a city-state must indeed be a unity up to a point, but not totally so. For there is a point at which it will, as it goes on, not be a city-state, and another at which, by being nearly not a city-state, it will be a worse one† (CP 310). The political consequences of the disagreements between Aristotle and Socrates/Plato are a liberalization of the class system, as well as new definition of virtue and purpose in the state. Aristotle’s description and advice about politics in his work allow for the appearance of a discussion about factions, the consequences of which are manifested many centuries later in the Federalist Papers. Aristotle describes ways to balance the interests of the few with the interests of the many, the interests of minority and the majority, and of the wealthy and the poor through his combination of oligarchy and democracy into polity. Through this idea of addressing factions and political interdependence Aristotle outlines the way to a lasting state. Aristotle’s claims of law, constitution, polity, factions, and citizenship all have comparability to many U. S. notions of political life; even his justification of slavery is reminiscent of the views of some founding fathers. Aristotle discovered and outlined many elements of early American political thought long before the existence of the United States. Aristotle himself said, â€Å"For practically speaking, all things have been discovered, although some have not been collected, and others are known about but not used† (CP 315). Work cited Moschella, Melissa. â€Å"Aristotle’s Politics Study Guide : Summary and Analysis of Book V†. GradeSaver, 01 May 2000 Web. 25 April 2013. Plato, . â€Å"The Republic. † . http://classics. mit. edu/Plato/republic. 10. ix. html, n. d. Web. 22 Apr 2013. . â€Å"PLATO,? ALLEGORY? OF? THE? FORMS? FROM? THE? REPUBLIC. † . N. p.. Web. 22 Apr 2013. .

Qnt-561 Week 1

Week Four Team Paper xxxxxxxxxxxxxx QNT/561 August 1, 2012 xxxxxxxxx Week 4 Team Paper Best Buy is a company that has 40 years of history with a very accomplished sense of success. In 1966 Best Buy was a small electronics store in that originated in St. Paul Minnesota by Richard Schulze and an acquainted business partner. Considering that technology changes so rapidly, Best Buy has had to transform from just being the little electronics store down the way into a competitive, customer-driven, talent-powered company that emphasizes on pleasing the customers as it pertains to the life of technology.In 1993 Best Buy was recognized as the nation’s second largest electronics retailer and was recognized by Forbes in 2004 as the â€Å"Company of the Year. † However, in 2012 Best Buy had a huge layoff which resulted into 50 store closings. The competitors for Best buy include online stores like Amazon, Buy. com, Tiger direct and various others. Purpose Best Buy stores are locate d throughout the United States and every year additional employees are hired to help staff during the holiday season (known as seasonal staffing and typically runs during holiday season).Higher head count is inefficient and expensive. This poses an organizational dilemma; can sales data be used to identify the appropriate number of temporary employees that need to be hired during the holiday season? Considering the sheer amount of stores that require temporary staffing data will be collected from all its stores and used to identify the staffing needs. Research Design Give the nature of business of Best Buy Quantitative research should be applied. It involves gathering data and then organizes, tabulates, depicts, and describes the data collection (Glass & Hopkins, 1984).The dependent variable that will be looked at is staffing levels. A dependent variable is one that â€Å"is measured, predicted, or otherwise monitored and expected to affected by manipulation of an independent varia ble† (Cooper & Schindler 2011). Because this data will only be measured once, products sold and staffing levels, a descriptive quantitative design will be utilized. â€Å"For an accurate estimate of the relationship between variables, a descriptive study usually needs a sample of hundreds or even thousands of subjects† (The Association for Educational Communications and Technology).The estimate of the relationship is less likely to be biased if you have a high participation rate in a sample selected randomly from a population. Operational Definitions Operational Definitions Variable Definition Data of Interest #1 The number of products sold during the Holiday Season How will it be measured #1 If the product was sold between November 15 and January 5 Data of Interest #2 Number of temporary employees during the Holiday Season How will it be measured #2 If a temporary employee was active after November 15 and inactive after January 15 Sample Data Collection DesignsThere ar e various methods of collecting data such that the information collected can be used to draw inferences about the target population. The sales forecast is the key component for the problem statement and for accuracy it is important to know what consumers prefer over Best Buy. Participation in business surveys is usually voluntary and the quality of the results depends crucially on the willingness of enterprises to co-operate. A promising approach to getting high response rates is to make compliance as painless as possible through good questionnaire design and rotation of respondents.It is also important that the enterprises included in the survey should be convinced that the information they provide will be useful to the enterprises themselves in addition to any use it may have for macro-economic analysis. Conclusion Because the human mind cannot extract the full import of a large mass of raw data, descriptive statistics are very important in reducing the data to manageable form. Wh en in-depth, narrative descriptions of small numbers of cases are involved, the research uses description as a tool to organize data into patterns that emerge during analysis.Those patterns aid the mind in comprehending a qualitative study and its implications. References Cooper, D. R. & Schindler, P. S. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. The Association for Educational Communications and Technology U. S. Department of Education Retrieved July 29, 2012 http://pr. bby. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=244152&p=irol-factsheet Retrieved July 29, 2012 http://www. startribune. com/business/157988175. html? refer=y Business Tendency Survey handbook

Mr Van Gogh Literary Essay Essay

Owen Marshall’s short story ‘Mr Van Gogh’ is an explanation of society’s harsh attitudes towards individuals today. Through characterization, religious allusion and imagery Owen Marshall portrays Mr Van Gogh as someone who is overcoming society’s acts of judgement. This is reflected on the audience because Marshall makes us question our own behavior in the hope that we will change. Owen Marshal uses imagery, biblical allusion and characterization to impact the audience. Characterization is a key feature in the short story ‘Mr Van Gogh’. Contrasting characters determine the effects of individuals trying to ‘fit in’ society. This is shown in Mr Souness personality towards Mr Van Gogh as rude, merciless and ignorant. This is depicted in the first paragraph when Mr Souness’ relatives visit and start mocking, this is a portrayal of how this is served to illustrate to the reader the cruelty that is a common place in society. Mr Souness is a materialistic man with few morals and little acceptance for people who are ‘different’. He only talks to Mr Van Gogh in order to make fun of his passion. Despite Van Gogh’s willingness to share his passion with society, â€Å"only those who wanted to mock him, encouraged him to talk.† However Mr Van Gogh is described as a man who bases his life around his morals and values. He is passionate and simply loves beauty and life. He spends all his money on his artwork such as buying different colors for his glass, especially yellow because Mr Van Gogh said it represents personal expression. To others in the community â€Å"he didn’t have anything worth stealing† Mr Van Gogh is somewhat eccentric and often shy or submissive around others in the community. The contrasting personalities help illustrate themes of small town mentalities and beauty of being on the inside. Mr Souness singles out Mr Van Gogh because he is different, this is a characteristic or trait often associated with small towns. This is an example of how society has become materialistic and shallow. Mr Van Gogh in comparison is moral and passionate about life and beauty. He embodies the qualities which everyone should strive to abstain. Furthermore, contrasting characters are evident through the short story, these are the Parsons son, The Father, Rainbow Johnston and the Bulldozer guy. Characters like these show the true events of social marginalization in society today. From the name ‘Rainbow Johnston’ sounds so happy but names can be deceiving by their meaning already. Turns out Rainbow Johnston and his friends smashed all Mr Van Gogh’s precious valuables with no second thought of any consequences. Characterization is represented well with biblical allusion. The narrator uses biblical allusion to a great effect in order to show the audience his opinions regarding alienation. This is evident through Mr Van Gogh’s actions â€Å"arms outstretched like a cross† displaying a reference to Jesus’ crucification on the cross, supposedly for humanity’s sins. The immediate effect of this is to show the reader that Mr Van Gogh is horribly mistreated for his beliefs, just like Jesus was said to be treated in the Bible. Additionally, a second example of biblical allusion is present at the end of the text when Mr Souness rubs the dust from his eye. This is an allusion to the Book of Luke, where it talks about removing the log from your own eye before speaking out against the dust in the eye of your brother. This shows that Marshall believes that society had destroyed Mr Van Gogh before dealing with its own problems and that Marshall condemns society for this. Imagery is depicted in the short story ‘Mr Van Gogh’ to effectively demonstrate the effects of alienation on individuals. On his deathbed, Mr Van Gogh’s face is described as the â€Å"color of a plucked chicken†. This imagery of a plucked chicken is used to demonstrate the helplessness of Mr Van Gogh and how vulnerable he is. Owen Marshall uses imagery to strengthen opinions held on persecution by using strong allusions and the effects this alienation has on the mistreated. His allusion to Jesus Christ attached huge and powerful connotations to Mr Van Gogh, and the humiliation he was subjected to, while being so vulnerable himself, made the death of him and the loss of his great work even more disastrous. The description of Mr Van Gogh as a plucked chicken is used to demonstrate how persecution leaves a   person vulnerable and belittled. Mr Van Gogh has been alienated and taunted because of his passion in a subject that society can not understand and that intensity of belief is the reason of his downfall. Owen Marshall uses vivid imagery to depict Mr Van Gogh’s house â€Å"weathered stoically to an integration of rust and exposed wood† is symbolic of the man himself, who for his art, is willing to expose himself to this mocking society. Because of the completed beauty of his art behind the rough exterior, it stands for the man himself with the ‘old-fashioned’, ‘careworn’ appearance and the singular beauty of his passion. Owen Marshall distinctively describes the house as weathering and old.†The fire and life upon the walls and ceiling defied Mr Van Gogh’s drained face† Finally, Owen Marshall uses characterization, religious allusion and imagery to depict the harsh explanation of society’s attitudes towards individuals today. This reflects in the short story ‘Mr Van Gogh’ with the alienation and mocking created by society.

Company A and B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Company A and B - Essay Example mpany A and Company B arrange a derivative to be transacted on the 1st April 2014 so that Company A pays fixed interest over the period and Company B pays floating rate interest over the period. Assuming that the fixed interest rate agrees with the Company A is LIBOR + 7% (fixed at inception), that LIBOR is 0.5% on April 1 2014 and that on June 30, 2014 the LIBOR rate raises from 0.5% to 1%. a) Describe the derivative trade that would enable such an exchange, the reasons why each company might want to transact such a derivative and calculate what the swap rate would be for Company A at inception. A derivative is a security whose value is dependent or derived from its underlying assets. The derivative represents a contract agreement between two or more parties. Its price is affected by any slight changes in its original assets. Some common underlying assets include bond’s interest rates stocks, commodities, currencies and market indexes. The major characteristic of derivatives is high advantage. For the case of company A and B would adopt the interest rate swaps as described below Interest rate swap occurs when Party A agrees to pay Party B through a fixed interest rate, and the counterpart Party B agrees to pay Party A through a floating/variable interest rate which is attached to a reference rate (the most used reference rate is the London Interbank Offered Rate, LIBOR).Each counterpart in a swap has a "comparative advantage" in a different credit market and it is through such an advantage in a particular market that is used to obtain an equal advantage in a another separate market to which credit access was denied. Companies in the two different markets agree to an exchange deal in which a fixed rate is exchanged with a floating/variable interest rate loan. In this case Company B prefers liabilities which are floating but would prefer a fixed loan rate. It is therefore prudent that enters into a swap with company A and exchange its fixed rate loan for

If there are deep differences in the moral standards of different Essay

If there are deep differences in the moral standards of different cultures, what implications would this have for the nature of morality - Essay Example In this light, all persons are entitled to decide what is right for them. Thus, an act becomes true for one person if he or she believes it to be so. Moral relativism is a widely held position in a post-modern world, especially in places where people use it to excuse or allow certain actions. Furthermore, moral relativism comes in several forms: utilitarianism, evolutionism, existentialism, ‘emotivism’, and ‘situationism’. All of these variations of moral relativism share a single unifying theme, as highlighted in Moral Relativism – Neutral Thinking?, that rightness or wrongness is a product of human preference, which highly depends on cultural and historical circumstances. According to another online article entitled Book Review: Morality Matters, there are four essential consequences of moral relativism to human societies: cross-cultural criticism, intra-cultural criticism, intra-cultural conflict, and moral degradation. Firstly, cross-cultural conflict points at the difficulty of judging morally objectionable acts of one culture, such as murder and terrorism. Although such acts are inherently and naturally abhorred by human nature, these acts are deemed to be beyond the evaluation of another culture. Secondly, intra-cultural criticism underscores the problem in consulting one’s ethical standards to the moral codes of society since, more often than not, these codes are subject to the ruler’s subjective viewpoints which may be logically and morally erroneous. Thirdly, intra-cultural conflict states the impossibility of solving disagreements within a culture since all beliefs are morally equal. Thus, choosing one belief over another is difficult for there is no moral standard. Lastly, moral degradation claims that the perfection of moral standards is hardly attainable since it is the cultural circumstance and not the conceptual quality of the moral code that

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Ethics - Essay Example that there is only one right or better way to think about moral problems; â€Å"for example, the same figure can be seen as a square or a diamond, depending on its orientation in relation to a surrounding frame†¦a bird-watcher and a rabbit-keeper are likely to see the duck-rabbit figure in different ways, yet this difference does not imply that one way is better or a higher form of perceptual organization.† (p.229). Gilligan is imperative on the thinking that the conception of the moral domain is comprised of at least two moral orientations, and that these orientations raise new questions about observed differences in moral judgment and the disappointments to which they give rise. Factors such as the necessary distinction between differences in developmental stage and differences in orientation are strong issues in her discussion, and it is stated pronouncedly that her research on moral orientation derives from an observation which was made in the course of studying the relationship between moral judgment and action. Gilligan also speaks strongly about the issue of abortion, explaining that the language of the public abortion debate reveals a specific and significant justice perspective. â€Å"Whether the abortion dilemma is cast as a conflict of rights or in terms of respect for human life, the claims of the fetus and of the pregnant woman are balanced or placed in opposition.† (p.233) Gilligan uses various studies in her research and writing, in order to show the relation between the ethics of care and the issue of justice. One study of particular importance in this case is the one which two medical students were cast to each report a decision not to turn in someone who has violated the school rules against drinking, and who â€Å"cast their decision in different terms. One student constructs the decision as a net of mercy, a decision to override justice in light of the fact that the violator has shown ‘the proper degrees of contrition.’† (p.234). This study

International Businesses And Knowledge Transfer Essay

International Businesses And Knowledge Transfer - Essay Example Focusing on this construct, the current discourse will be developed using theory and literature relevant to internationalization while focusing on the main factors driving or contributing to knowledge transfer and development as well as highlight factors, if any, that inhibit this process. An overall conclusion will be drawn based on the findings from the entire study before reflecting on the entire learning and relating the same to practical experiences wherever feasible.  Etemad (2013) stressed that literature points to numerous reasons why businesses decide to explore international opportunities that could be related to internal and/or external factors. Internal factors are usually related to organizational factors such as organizational goals and objectives; and external factors are related to the environmental drivers such as competition in host countries, the huge business potential in international locations/markets, changing workforce demographics and economic situations et c. Based on these factors, organizations adopt different approaches to establish their businesses in international spheres. Based on these approaches, various theories have been formulated to explain the nature and reasons of internationalization of firms, some of which include Vernon’s (1966) life-cycle theory, Johanson and Vahlne’s (1977) Process theories, Bilkey and Tsar’s (1977) innovation-diffusion theories, the internalization theories (Buckley & Cason, 1976) and the Eclectic paradigm of multinationals by Dunning (1988); the latest additions include two models: AAA-framework by Ghemawat (2007) and gateway-hub model by Prahalad and Bhattacharyya (2008).  Knowledge transfer is a part of knowledge management process, which has been comprehensively explained by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1994), and this forms the foundation of all knowledge-related studies in organizations Dalkir.

Management theory and application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management theory and application - Essay Example Invisible Management is an attempt to approach the subject of leadership in a more theoretically precise and useful way by grounding it in a social constructionist framework. The book is an edited volume consisting of thirteen chapters, eleven of them empirical. It draws on a tradition of scholarship--particularly in sociology, anthropology, social psychology, and neo-Freudian psychology--that emphasizes the role of society in the construction of leadership. To turn these pages is to be reminded again of the critical importance that the classical sociologists, Weber and Simmel, as well as psychologists such as Freud and Erickson, placed on developing a useful theory of leadership, especially one that recognized the social dimensions of leadership as opposed to simplistic hero worship. The book also reminds one of the narrowness of the approach to executive leadership taken by contemporary American scholarship, with its emphasis on social demography and statistical work at the expense of theory development and field data. In many ways, the contributors to this volume are suggesting that the way to go forward in leadership scholarship is to take a step back toward these earlier theoretical and empirical traditions. The first two chapters lay out the books basic theme of the role of social constructionism in leadership studies. My understanding of the argument that links the various chapters is as follows. Leading and following are social processes that are mediated through language and other forms of symbolization.

Rachel Carson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rachel Carson - Essay Example During the earth’s day, the book "On a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson," is the most appropriate book for discussion. Seemingly, Souder has taken a very important role of re-energizing the campaign established by Rachel Carson. If vibrant people such as Souder do not renew such heightened campaigns for a better world, then people will soon forget and result to environmental pollution. It is also interesting to note that Souder has also authored â€Å"A Plague of Frogs,† an environmental book talking about frogs that have been mutated by environmental degradation through indiscriminate use of pesticides. Considering Carson was specifically notable for advocating against indiscriminate use of pesticides, then Souder can be said to be the best speaker on this day. The most striking thing about Sounder is the way he champions for environmental conservation through other people stories and biographies. For instance, he also wrote â€Å"Under a Wild Sky,à ¢â‚¬  a story of a bird scientist John Audubon. Therefore, Souder is remarkably an environment ambassador and therefore the best speaker on issues of environmental

Aristotle on akrasia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aristotle on akrasia - Essay Example Therefore, making a study or close analysis of the position taken by the great master of philosophy on reasoning and understanding by a novice in the deep and vast ocean of philosophy would be particularly remarkable. In such an endeavour, in this study, a judicious presumption of the position of Aristotle on the question of akresia is arrived at in this paper through a scrupulous discussion of the possible conclusions of the Greek master. Therefore, asked about his position on akresia, provided with two statements, â€Å"akrasia is a familiar everyday phenomenon† and â€Å"akrasia is impossible - whenever we act we are doing what we think best in the circumstances, all things considered; doing what we personally think best, deep down, as distinct from what other people preach at us or nag us about,† Aristotle would hold the estimation that both the statements are true of fact. It is mainly because of the great master’s concern to maintain the firm denial of akre sia with common sense’s affirmation of its possibility and regularity as practiced by Socrates. To go beyond these possible conclusions of Aristotle, it may be maintained that an exploration of the question why people act wrongly even when they know they should not be, which is a relevant topic for discussion even in the current period, makes it clear that the account of Aristotle, at some moment when dealing with the idea of incontinence, is obscure. It is mainly due to the fact that the teachings of Aristotle are not preserved well enough, rather than in Spartan lecture notes. An example of such an inconsistency may be examined as follows. It can be safely stated that the position of akrasia gaudily exhibits what happens if an amalgamation of moral education is not accomplished. The match between appetite and correct behaviour, in an incontinent person, has not been

The Life of Agatha Christie Essay Example for Free

The Life of Agatha Christie Essay On 15th of September, 1890, a girl named Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was born. She was given birth in Torquay, England. She was taken care of by her loving parents named Frederick and Clara. She also had two siblings who were older than her. Their names are Madge, her sister, and Monty, her brother. Agatha’s father was a very sociable man who had a self-sufficient income. Clara, who was shy, was the opposite of Frederick. Agatha acquired the personality of her mother (ACL, 2008). Madge was able to have a formal education. However, their mother Clara thought that Agatha should not have one. It was her intention that Agatha would learn how to read when she reached the age of eight. But through Agatha’s own will and way, she learned reading when she was five years old. Her education was very diverse. She had varied tutors. She had part-time education. She also enrolled in French schools. Agatha also even had training in singing and playing the piano. But because she was shy like her mother, she was not able to make it as her career (ACL, 2008). Agatha’s father passed away when she was eleven years old. Because of this incidence, she became more intimate to her mother. When Frederick was gone, Clara started to travel a lot. There were times that she would bring Agatha with her trips. This had become the beginning of Agatha’s passion for traveling (ACL, 2008). Agatha was eventually married to a man named Archie Christie. It was a Christmas Eve of 1914. Archie was an aviator during World War I. Even her husband was at the war, Agatha kept herself busy. She became a nurse. During the times that she was working in hospital, she had thought to write a novel. Her first novel was titled â€Å"The Mysterious Affairs at Styles. † She was bale to finish the novel in just a year. However, it took her several years before her book was published. Agatha received an exceptional review in Pharmaceutical Journal for this novel (MysteryNet, 2005). Agatha had a daughter was born on 1919. Her daughter was named Rosalind. However, in 1926, Agatha also faced some challenges in her personal life. Clara died and Agatha also had her first marriage divorced (ACL, 2008). In 1930, she went on a vacation in Iraq. She was already 40 years old by that time. In this vacation, Agatha met a man named Max Mallowan. Max was an archeologist and was fourteen years younger than her. Also in that year, Agatha and Max got married. From time to time, Agatha helped out in some archeological activities of her husband. Nevertheless, she continued writing novels and short stories even she was on a trip (Jonasson, 2000). Agatha Christie had written almost 70 novels and a hundred or more short stories (Jonasson, 2000). â€Å"Evil under the Sun†, â€Å"Hercule Poirot’s Christmas†, and â€Å"Murder on the Orient† are just few among the stories she had published. Her most famous character Miss Marple appeared in the book â€Å"The Murder at the Vicarage† which was published on 1930. Agatha Christie also wrote for a stage play and it became very popular. It was titled â€Å"The Mousetrap† (Simkin, 1997). She even had become the Dame Commander of British Empire in 1971. On 12th of January 1976, Agatha Christie died, leaving a flourishing career and wonderful life (Simkin, 1997). List of References Agatha Christie Limited. (2008) The Queen of Crime: Biography [Internet]. London, ACL. Available from: http://www. agathachristie. com/about-christie/the-queen-of- crime/biography/ [Accessed 6 November 2008]. Jonasson, R. (2000) Agatha Christie [Internet]. The Icelandic Homepage. Available from: http://www. simnet. is/jonasson/agatha/ [Accessed 6 November 2008]. MysteryNet. (2005) Agatha Christie [Internet]. Available from:http://christie. mysterynet. com/ [Accessed 6 November 2008]. Simkin, J. (1997) Spartacus Educational [Internet]. Available from: http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/WRchristie. htm [Accessed 6 November 2008].

Britain’s Attempts to Appease Mussolini in the 1930’s Were Successful’ Discuss Essay Example for Free

Britain’s Attempts to Appease Mussolini in the 1930’s Were Successful’ Discuss Essay ‘Britain’s attempts to appease Mussolini in the 1930’s were successful’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. (24 marks) Britain’s attempt to appease Mussolini were successful up until the Abyssinian crisis of 1935, as Italy were not in league with Germany but on the contrary, were opposed to German expansion and revision of the treaty of Versailles. However after the Abyssinian crisis, this stance from Mussolini disappeared and changed greatly. Hence British attempts becoming unsuccessful, as ultimately Mussolini entered the Second World War on the side of Germany. Britain and Italy’s relationship was cordial before the Abyssinian crisis, indicating success in their appeasement policies. The Stresa front of 1935 between: Britain, France and Italy manifested this, as they agreed to prevent further revision of the treaty from Hitler and to resist him in his expansionist aims, and to also condemn Hitler’s actions. The Stresa front was suggested by Mussolini himself who was very co-operative and acted on the side of Britain and France as they all shared the same opinion on German rearmament. This showed how prepared Mussolini was to take action and stand against German aggression, as Mussolini was the only one who actually sent troops, during the Austrian Putsch of 1934, when the Nazi’s attempted to exploit Austria’s condition by trying to take over and employ a Nazi government. Italy was the only country who was prepared to take stance that was not mere condemnation but an actual military reaction, these clearly suggest ed Mussolini strong feelings in regards to Hitler. This found great success as they all agreed to it and this manifested Britain’s success in appeasement policies. Although Britain applied economic sanctions with the league, the sanctions did not include oil, which was the main necessity required for Italy’s invasion, as they required oil to run their ships for transportation. Britain did not close the Suez Canal, which was a fundamental route for Mussolini to transport his troops by; this meant that Italy’s invasion was not severely obstructed. These actions seemed to have been undertaken to appease Mussolini and to prevent him from engaging in a ‘mad dog’ activity  such as declaring war on Britain, this found success, as Mussolini did not declare war on Britain. This is another example of British success in their appeasement policies. Before the Hoare-Lavale pact was leaked into to the public, it seemed as if Mussolini would accept this proposal. Hitherto the pact, Hoare, the British secretary worked well with Italy, and demonstrated a close relationship. If Mussolini had accepted then it would be a success, as Mussolini would still be on the side of Britain. This could be seen as some sort of success, as at first it did seem that it would be successful. Ultimately, it was a failure of British appeasement, as Mussolini did not accept the proposal to ‘save face’. However, there were also many examples of British failure of appeasement, such as the Anglo-German Naval Agreement, which was poor example of British policy, as it did nothing but completely undermine, consequently damaging the Stresa front irrevocably. As it angered Mussolini greatly and it was almost as if Britain were stabbing the other members of the Front in the back, as they condemned Germany in the Stresa Front and then signed an agreement with them, allowing them some sort of navy. Britain’s condemnation of Mussolini and the sanctions made him disgruntled and dissatisfied. These sanctions were an example of complete failure, as it achieved nothing at all. It was half hearted and it angered Mussolini at the same time, which pushed him into the arms of Germany, resulting in nothing being achieved. As during the time of the crisis, Hitler supported Mussolini and gained his favour, which ended up in them two signing pacts such as the Rome-Berlin axis and the pact of steel. The policy of appeasement failed wholly in some respects, because Britain did not achieve her aim of keeping Mussolini on her side, which was what Britain wanted. But it ended up that Mussolini and Hitler became much closer as they supported the Fascist group during the Spanish Civil War, by both sending troops to aid them, while Britain stood idly by doing nothing. The acceptance of the Anschluss from Italy was a great success for Germany and a  greater blow to the treaty and Britain. Mussolini invaded and conquered Abyssinia in the end, which was the result of Britain’s half-hearted sanctions. This also gave confidence to both Mussolini and Hitler, as it showed them how feeble and indecisive Britain during the Abyssinian crisis, giving them the impression that they could perform such acts again. In conclusion, Britain’s policies of appeasement were successful up until the Hoare-Laval pact, as from then on; British appeasement failed and became unsuccessful, because Italy ended up on Germany’s side in the Second World War. Also after the Abyssinian crisis, appeasement could be seen as an unnecessary policy, due to the fact that Mussolini was on Hitler’s side. Yet Britain pressed on with appeasement, such as the Easter Accords, which accepted the status quo of the Middle East and Abyssinia, but this is negligible as Mussolini did not actually stick to it and did not achieve anything. The successful examples were not significant overall, as the unsuccessful cases were more prevalent and outweigh them.

Boeing Capital Company Analysis

Boeing Capital Company Analysis Introduction The importance that is associated with air travel cannot be undermined in any manner since provides a fast means of traveling and ensuring that business is conducted in an efficient manner by availing people where they are needed to be within a very short time. Additionally, it creates diversity by taking people to different places where they can interact with individuals from various cultures which eventually helps to enhance the spread of diverse cultural practices to the entire world. Through air travel, many economies of the world have been transformed in a manner that cannot even be comprehended, and this has helped a lot in building some of the largest economies in the world. People are provided with a chance to experience new things in life. For instance, this has helped to diversify the manner in which education is being carried out since students can now travel all over the world in search of knowledge. The Aerospace space industry continues to grow each and every other day, and this is made possible by more than 8 million individuals undertake air travel daily. On top of that, defense and security have been further enhanced by air travel since it is possible to avail safety where it is required in a matter of minutes. Description of the Company or Agency (Basically what business are you in) Boeing is one of the largest aerospace companies in the world. It does not only specialize in the manufacture of commercial jetliners, but it is also involved in the production of various other products such as space security systems and defense systems such as the fighter jets. Boeing is the largest exporter company that is located in the United States. Apart from supporting most of the airlines in the country by providing commercial airplanes, it also provides its products to other customers who are mostly government organizations in over on hundred and fifty countries. Some of the products that are designed by Boeing are customized while others are only mass produced and sold to customers why dont need to specifications to be associated with the products that they intend to buy. Most of the tailored products include satellites machines, weapons, defense systems that are electronic in nature, military aircraft, commercial aircraft, launch systems, advanced communication systems, pe rformance-based handling and training systems and even simulator machines. The company has been involved in the production of aerospace equipment for many years, and it is considered to be a leading company in this field due to the experience and the reputation that is associated with the organization. With time, it continually strives to tap into sections of the market that other aerospace companies have failed to explore. It is through the provision of a variety of services and products that can help to meet the needs of the clients in the most accurate manner. Some of the capabilities associated with Boeing Company include the ability to develop more advanced and better types of commercial airplanes because it is continually undertaking research into the market so as to understand the level of customers satisfaction based on the products that it has already availed to the market. Additionally, it can integrate the available defense systems and the military platforms, develop technology solutions that are more advanced than the ones that were already avai led in the market thanks to the team of researchers in the company that is continually looking for ways of improving the available systems. Finally, it is capable of coming up with financing options for the potential customers so as to enable more clients to gain access to its products since they normally are very expensive. Operation Description The company has an extensive knowledge about its clients, and this is enabled by an in-depth research of the market. Therefore, the company is able to understand the type of equipments that are needed by its customers. Boeings Capital Corporation (BCC) also has a collection of financial professionals why have been practicing the skill for an extended period hence they understand precisely how the market operates. BCC is one of the best financial corporations that provides support to clients who have subscribed to its services. The business is closely associated with the production of commercial planes, and Security Space Defense. The Corporation helps its customers to raise the required finance that will enable them to purchase and transfer Boeings products to their promises successfully. By the end of 2015, the company had earned a value of about four billion dollars. BCC has managed to achieve its success basically by incorporating its power of finance and its extensive network, therefore, enabling it to reach customers who are not only located in the United States but all over the World. Equipment or Aircraft For very many years, Boeing has been one of the major companies involved in the manufacture of commercial airplanes that are used in most countries. Its line of products is usually preferred by many clients simply because they are of high quality. Currently, the company can manufacture many commercial airplane versions which include Boeing 747, 743, 777,767 and finally the 787. These are in the range of the biggest commercial airplanes produced by Boeing. Other products that are still in the production line include the Boeing 777X, 737 Max, and the 787-10 Dreamliner. With each version of him Boeing, various characteristics are continually changed, and one of the most important aspects is the size which is steadily increasing for each version. Since the company started production of the Boeing line of products, it has managed to avail into the market about ten thousand commercial jets in the whole world which make about half of the fleet of the total airplanes that have ever been prod uced by any company. Additionally, the company provides cargo-carrying airplanes, which make up ninety percent of the total cargo planes in the world. The company offers its client with Commercial Aviation Services. By doing this, the company can provide unmatched all year support services to its customers which enable most of the airline companies and also the leasing companies that have subscribed to the company services to achieve operational efficiency. The Commercial Aviation Services department helps to provide aftermarket parts, modification, informations logistics services, engineering, and customer care support services. Other services provided include overhauled services, repair, and maintenance labor (Wen, 2003). Maintenance Requirements The Shared Services Corporation provides Boeing business units associated with a common pool of services so as to help in supporting the worldwide operations of the company. The shared services are of a wide variety, and they range from the maintenance and protection of Boeings international sites, Sales management, and acquisition of any property that may have been leased. The corporation is also involved in the purchasing of products that are not necessarily used in the production process and other office equipment supplies. Various human resource services which also include the recruitment of new employees are some of the services that are offered by this corporation to Boeing. Finally, Shared Services Corporation Actively participates in the management of Boeings financial matters, any expenses that may be incurred by the company as a result of travels to and from various destinations, and in availing communication services that have been customized (Holsapple, 2000). The Site Se rvices Corporation also offers Boeing with the maintenance and repairs services, reals estate management, planning of the manner in which property will be acquired, and finally the process of implementing projects that involve the construction of structures (Saraph et al 1989). Managers Roles and Responsibilities All the activities that are typically undertaken in Boeings offices are finalized by the company employees, corporation officers, and managers with the help and guidance of the Board of Directors together with Chief Executive Officers. The organizations corporate governance policies and practices are typically reviewed continuously by the organization committee. The Board of directors and the corporations officers have a long-term interest in the company. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the corporation clients, public officials, employees, suppliers, surrounding communities, and shareholders gain positively out of the operations of the organization. On top of that, the Board has managed to develop its own Code of Ethics that helps in the conducting the daily activities of the corporation so that they are in line with the various legal stipulations (Zahra, 1989). Having these regulations helps the company to continually stay on the right track as they deal with the different ethical issues that arise within the business premises as a result of the operations being carried out by various employees. Through the use of the code of ethics, the company is also able to enhance the mechanisms that already exist within the organizations and can help in reporting cases of unethical behavior occurring as this plays a crucial role in ensuring that a culture of accountability and honesty is enforced within the company premises (Pronovost et al, 2009). Staff Qualifications, Certifications, and Responsibilities Within the Shared Services Corporation, Boeing constitutes has a percentage of shares since it has employed approximately forty thousand employees who are responsible for availing about forty types of unique services all day long throughout the year. The Sites services have a bee assigned a budget of about three billion dollars which is specifically meant for the operations services. By doing this, the company can leverage scale economies so as to enable the delivery of value-added services to clients and its business partners who are involved in the manufacture and provision of defense and security and additionally the commercial airplanes that need to be availed to the company (Waldron, 2006). The company has it corporate offices located in Chicago, and it has managed to employ over one hundred and fifty employees within the United States and sixty-five more countries. The companys continued existence is a reflection of its diversity and ease in adapting to the changing market conditions such that it can last for a very long time. Additionally, one important factor that supports the continuous positive progress of the company is the fact that it has a very innovative and hardworking workforce. Our business continues to outsource more of the talented youth in the world so that they can join its workforce and continue to make it rise higher. The company does not necessarily look for academic qualification so that it can employ an individual, but rather, it explores the various ways that it can use the talent of individuals to encourage innovation in the society. Regulations and Laws The various operations of the company are guided by different by-laws that regulate the manner in which meetings will be carried out by the board of directors and various stakeholders to ensure inclusive of all parties that are interested in the operations and management of the company (Berkes, 2000). According to the laws of the company, the Annual General Meeting is supposed to be held on a particular date and time that is precisely determined by the board of directors. During such meetings, the leaders will be elected, and any other significant business transactions that need to be addressed also have to be discussed during such meetings. The board of directors has the power to call a meeting with all the stakeholders at any time that it wishes to do so. Also, in case the Secretary makes a special request for a meeting, then the board of directors is supposed to summon all the stakeholders for the meeting. The secretary can only write a special request for a meeting when there is a need to undertake an election so as to dispose of about 25% of shares held by the company. For such a request, each of the stakeholders provides a signature stating the number of shares that they own. Any business that is transacted in the course of a particular meeting is only supposed to be limited to the purpose for which the meeting was called upon, and it should not deviate to any other general matters. Any meetings that are held together with the stakeholders shall be conducted within specified premises as directed by the board of directors or as it is indicated in notices. However, there is a default location in which the meetings should be held. Notice of any meeting that should be held will be availed to stakeholders through any suitable methods but most specifically mail or an electronic transmission option. All Stakeholders have the right to vote at any meeting called forth. They also have the right to express any form of dissatisfaction towards any actions that may have been taken by the board of directors without the need of having to wait until a meeting is held (Delmas Toffel, 2004). Safety Security The shared services organization provides Boeing with various specialized services. For instance, it is responsible for offering the company with international insurance services that cover the company in case of the occurrence of a risk factor. The Shared Services is responsible for ensuring that the Security maintenance at all Boeing premises is at the highest level possible. Any premise associated with Boeing should be fully protected and most importantly the information that helps to support the continuous operation of the business. Any other risk mitigation measures should be fully installed to prevent an occurrence of damage to the company property (Tipton, 2012). The Defense, Security and Space Corporation is very diverse since it avails most advanced solutions to the market which can be used in the designing, production process, customization and offering support to clients who purchase rotorcrafts, satellite systems, weapons and fixed wings military aircraft. The organization is involved in providing clients with solutions to some of the major customer requirements by availing a full range portfolio which incorporates the 702 model of satellites. Some other defense products include the AH-64 helicopter, EA-18G aircraft that is electronics and is mostly used to attack enemies, KC-46 refueling planes, P-8 anti-aircraft/ submarine atropine (derived from the 737 commercial airliners). This organization is motivated by its capability to offer clients custom-made solutions that can address customers needs adequately and promptly and at the most suitable cost. Apart from producing products that are designed to be used by clients, this unit is responsible for the general management of security within all branches associated with Boeing. This is an operation cost reduction method since the company managers decided that it would be wise to use the services its own business units in the provision of security rather than make use of a different business organization that would only end up increasing the operation costs (Kaplan Norton, 1996). Environmental Responsibilities Working with stakeholders is important since it helps to ensure that activities that enhance environmental conservation are promoted. Due to its growth, Boeing targets to be a leader in promoting a sustainable environment as it also strives to provide its employees with the best services that can be availed in the industry. The three top tenets that Boeing aims to address are; encouraging worldwide collaboration in environmental conservation, design the future in a sustainable manner and finally coming up with sustainable innovations (Selin, 1995). The company intends to avail the best and most fuel-efficient planes in the industry. Also, it plans to provide highest quality services to its customers. All this will be achieved through; ensuring that it complies with various environmental regulations as it conducts its daily operations. Boeing has also come up with its policies and procedures that can help to ensure that environmental conservation is enhanced. Preventing environmental pollution through conservation of energy resources as this will contribute to the reduction of the levels of waste that gets disposed of by researching on the various mitigation measures. The company has managed to develop a management system that will help in improving the state of the environment both for the current and future generation through the reduction of waste that is normally released into the environment (Born, 1995). Other Management Factors Considered The Company is organized into three major business units. They are; Defense, outer space security department, and the Commercial production and supply unit. The whole company is majorly supported by a corporation known as Boeing Capital which is the primary provider of financial solutions to all the company branches worldwide (Probst, 2004). This financial firm also helps to finance other businesses that may have subscribed to its services. Other Corporations involved in supporting the major units at the company include Shared Services Organization (it avails some services to all the company branches), Boeing Engineering, Operations and Technology (this organization helps to create, purchase, implement and provide protection to the various innovations that are developed at Boeings premises) (Council, 2007). The business and finance organization is responsible for offering shared services in accounting, cost management, and financial management. The agency is responsible for providin g account payroll/payable functions to all business units associated with Boeing (Jensen, 1997). References Berkes, F., Folke, C., Colding, J. (2000). Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge University Press. Born, S. M., Sonzogni, W. C. (1995). Integrated environmental management: strengthening the conceptualization. Environmental management, 19(2), 167-181. Council, A. C. G. (2007). Corporate governance principles and recommendations. Boeing: Shared Services. Boeing.Com, 2017, http://www.boeing.com/company/key-orgs/ssg.page. Delmas, M., Toffel, M. W. (2004). Stakeholders and environmental management practices: an institutional framework. Business strategy and the Environment, 13(4), 209-222. Holsapple, C. W., Joshi, K. D. (2000). An investigation of factors that influence the management of knowledge in organizations. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9(2), 235-261. Jensen, R. S. (1997). The boundaries of aviation psychology, human factors, aeronautical decision making, situation awareness, and crew resource management. The international journal of aviation psychology, 7(4), 259-267. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Probst, T. M. (2004). Safety and insecurity: exploring the moderating effect of organizational safety climate. Journal of occupational health psychology, 9(1), 3. Pronovost, P. J., Goeschel, C. A., Olsen, K. L., Pham, J. C., Miller, M. R., Berenholtz, S. M., Loeb, J. M. (2009). Reducing health care hazards: lessons from the commercial aviation safety team. Health Affairs, 28(3), w479-w489. Saraph, J. V., Benson, P. G., Schroeder, R. G. (1989). An instrument for measuring the critical factors of quality management. Decision sciences, 20(4), 810-829. Selin, S., Chevez, D. (1995). Developing a collaborative model for environmental planning and management. Environmental management, 19(2), 189-195. Tipton, H. F., Nozaki, M. K. (2012). Information Security Management Handbook, Volume 6. Auerbach Publications. Waldron, J. (2006). Safety and security. Neb. L. Rev., 85, 454. Wen, T. A. N. G., Zhong, C. H. E. N. (2003). Research of subjective trust management model based on the fuzzy set theory. Journal of software, 14(8), 1401-1408. Zahra, S. A., Pearce, J. A. (1989). Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrative model. Journal of management, 15(2), 291-334.

Blanche is Responsible for her own Fate in a Street Car Named Desire Es

This essay will describe whether or not Blanches’ unfortunate eventual mental collapse was due to her being a victim of the society she went to seek comfort in, or if she was solely or at least partly responsible. The factors and issues that will be discussed include, Blanches’ deceitful behaviour and romantic delusions which may have lead to her eventual downfall, the role Stanley ended up playing with his relentless investigations of her past and the continuous revelations of it, the part society and ‘new America’ played in stifling her desires and throwing her into a world she could not relate to or abide by. Firstly, the reader may initially feel Blanche is completely responsible or at least somewhat to blame, for what becomes of her. She is very deceitful and behaves in this way throughout the play, particularly to Mitch, saying, ‘Stella is my precious little sister’ and continuously attempting to deceive Stanley, saying she ‘received a telegram from an old admirer of mine’. These are just two examples of Blanches’ trickery and lying ways. In some ways though, the reader will sense that Blanche rather than knowingly being deceitful, actually begins to believe what she says is true, and that she lives in her own dream reality, telling people ‘what ought to be the truth’ probably due to the unforgiving nature of her true life. This will make the reader begin to pity Blanche and consider whether these lies and deceits are just what she uses to comfort and protect herself. Blanche has many romantic delusions which have been plaguing her min d since the death of her husband. Though his death was not entirely her fault, her flirtatious manner is a major contributor to her downfall. She came to New Orleans as she was fired from... ...hey affect the lives of the women around them, yet somehow do not change to a great extent throughout the plays. On the other hand, both characters are comparable in that their eventual fate could be argued as being in many ways as a result of their own deeds and possibly the strains of society. In conclusion Blanche is to a degree responsible for her own downfall and mental collapse. She opts to turn to promiscuity and inebriety even going as far as to admitting to flirting with Stanley, and by the end disclosing all her tricks and deceits to him and Mitch. However, she cannot be held as responsible for the acts of her husband, Stanley and even Stella and the social circumstances involving the destruction of her old America by new America, which have caused her already deteriorating mental state to detract beyond possible repair by the end of the play.

The Future of Print and Cyberculture Essay -- Writing Writers Technolo

The Future of Print and Cyberculture As our class learned from the last assignment in which we created a writing technology, the introduction of new technology can change the way that people operate on a day-to-day basis. Inventions like the automobile and the television, for example, have forever changed the culture in many countries. However, no invention has changed the world more than the computer. In fact it has been the computer that has made the most recent technological phenomenon, the Internet, possible. While the Internet has made obvious changes in the way people communicate, it has also changed how we perform other functions that are as fundamental to us as reading and writing. One of the issues the Internet and similar technologies have forced upon us is the switch from reading from textbooks to reading what is referred to as "hypertext" on the computer screen. Because the Internet has turned into such an extensive source of information, many people find themselves reading from the screen what they normally would have read from plain text in the past. Although this is a process that a lot of people are uncomfortable with, James Sosnoski, author of the essay Hyper-readers and their Reading Engines, believes that reading from computer screens will soon become commonplace. "Though I readily acknowledge that many persons do not like to read from their screens at this time, I assume that over a period of time, the practice will become so habitual that it will seem 'natural' - just as it now seems customary to use a computer rather than a typewriter," he said (404). Reading hypertext is different from the reading that we are accustomed to for a variety of reason s, one of which being that people tend to be more selec... ...de Web is a vast (hyper) text that we read with such increasing frequency that it has become increasingly difficult as the day wears on to dial up one’s account in order to access the Web because so many of its readers are already online," (401). Bringing publishing opportunities to the masses and having speed and convenience applied to written communication sure sounds like an enhancement to me. Works Cited: Landow, George. "Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?" Writing Material: Readings from Plato the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. 214-226. Lesser, Wendy. "The Conversation." Writing Material: Readings from Plato the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. 227-233. Sosnoski, James. "Hyper-readers and their Reading Engines." Writing Material: Readings from Plato the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. 400-417

Inside pages :: Computer Science

Inside pages IMPLEMENTATION ============== Version 1 Front and Back page First I inserted a line; this indicates to me that it is splitting the front page and back page. This was then followed up by a textbox on the back page for the surgery times, emergencies and contact number. The last thing I did on the back page was inserting the logo, address, telephone number and surgery name these were imported from the Shared area. The front page included a text box for the title and a hamster picture. The hamster picture was imported from the Shared area. Inside pages The inside pages only consisted of two text boxes and a hamster picture. One would take up nearly all of one inside page and the other just a bit over half an inside page. Then I went to the Shared area for a hamster picture. This picture was similar to the front page hamster picture but was not the same. Version 2 Front and back pages First I opened the program Microsoft Publisher to carry on my implementation of Task 1. I had got the information of the surgery times, emergencies and contact number from the Shared area. I typed this in the text box I inserted earlier. Then I went onto the front page to produce the title. This was done in Microsoft Word and was imported into Microsoft Publisher. Inside Pages First of all I open the program, because it is separate. I carry on the work by adding the text. The text could not fit in the frame. So I had to rearrange the font size to make it smaller. Now that the text was added I can carry on to put colour in the leaflet. Version 3 Front and back pages Now I needed to add any design features I need. So the main design features, which was needed was the colour in the leaflet. S o I added the colour in both these pages so that it was the same colour on the front and back page. It covered everything including the text then I clicked the â€Å"send to back† icon and it went to the background. Inside pages The inside pages were different colour to the front and back pages because I decided to use a variety of colours throughout the leaflet. So I chose what colour I wanted and sent it to the background. Version 4 Front and back pages The leaflet looks to be more appropriate now. This leaflet’s front and back page has changed due to more colours to the textboxes. The textboxes and title textbox now contain different colours and different colours to the front and back page.

Men in the play Essay

â€Å"Cleopatra is always at a significant disadvantage as a woman in a male-dominated world.† What in your opinion are the strengths and weaknesses that the Queen shows as she deals with the men in the play?  Unanimously renowned as the â€Å"harlot queen† [Stanley, 2001] and as a â€Å"lascivious courtesan† [Stanley, 2001], the mercurial Egyptian Queen is anachronistically portrayed by Shakespeare in a more sympathetic attitude than his contemporaries who had diluted her character into an object of carnality. Ostentatiously dissimilar from the female visions of constancy and chastity presented by Octavia and Fulvia, the â€Å"mature and sexual woman† is celebrated for her compassionate love which offers â€Å"the most profound vision of human constancy† [French, 1982] in the patriarchal power struggle between the three Roman triumvirs. Cleopatra, renowned for her physical beauty is shown to have an alluring effect on the men that surround her, often exploiting her appearance to ensnare powerful men to do her bidding. Te extent to her aesthetic manipulation is revealed in the lavish descriptions of her when she first met Antony, who instantaneously seemed to have fallen victim to her charms. The first encounter of the matriarch and her lover, as narrated by Enobarbus, displays the pomp and extravagance of the Queen, the grandeur of which seems to captivate the narrator himself and his Roman colleagues. The â€Å"burnish’d throne† on which she sailed displayed her regality, combining visions of â€Å"gold† and â€Å"purple† when juxtaposed with her beauty which even â€Å"age cannot wither† seemed to present her in a god-like manner that rivals the beauty of Venus. Such hyperbolic descriptions seems to justify the immediate infatuation of Antony and the extent to her physical manipulation, intended or otherwise is seen when the triumvir who is presented in the likeness of Mars and whose power was like â€Å"rattling thunder† is inevitably turned into that of a â€Å"doating mallard†. It is the fall of the General from a position of infinite power to that of a helpless boy that is repeatedly mourned in the play by Romans but also reveals the seductive prowess of Cleopatra whose presence is deemed to be â€Å"the triumph of the voluptuous† [Hazlitt, 1817]. The transformation into a â€Å"strumpet’s fool† is clearly visible in the case of Antony who willingly abandons his duties in Rome, the underlying essence of his role and power. The audience is made visible of Antony’s ensnarement into the â€Å"Egyptian fetters† which he realises he must break if he wants to ever return with honour into the presence of the other triumvirs. It is not only her ability to form unbreakable shackles around her victims but also the consequent emasculation of Antony and her former lover – Julius Caesar as revealed when she gets them to â€Å"lay [their sword] to bed† – the sword being the dominant weapon of choice and phallic symbol of the powerful men’s manliness. Simultaneously assuming the role of a metaphorical embodiment of Venus, dressed in â€Å"cloth-of-gold† but also the personification of her beloved Egypt, she is shown to be an inherently sexual character, unmatched in regality and lustre. Shadowed in political knowledge and militaristic power by the â€Å"triple pillar[s]† of Rome, Cleopatra employs her seductive beauty, enhanced by her ability to wield emotional power to ensure her continued survival. It is often suspected that despite her â€Å"infinite variety† and oscillating moods, her actions always contain a â€Å"deliberate logic† [Danby, 1952]. Her uncanny strength in mentally manipulating Antony is clearly visible in the opening scenes of the play, at the arrival of the messengers at which she suggests that Antony hear them, despite his rejection of them.

Analyzing John Lennon’s “Imagine”

We’re All Dreamers Imagination comes about in dreams and requires the willpower to make them real. In the song, â€Å"Imagine,† John Lennon somewhat instigates everyone to visualize his vision of his imagination. Throughout the song he states how different the world would be, in lack of killing, material possessions, greed, hunger, etc. , thus leading us to virtually, an unrealistic, but ideal world. The word imagine, just that one word, can lead the complex mind to many notions. â€Å"What he left behind was the utopian imagination we all share that still exists in a million brains refusing to be silenced. (â€Å"World Socialist Movement†) â€Å"Imagine there's no heaven, it's easy if you try, no hell below us, above us only sky, imagine all the people living for today†¦ † The first verse of this song, â€Å"imagine there's no heaven,† is already thought provoking enough. I think what he is trying to get across is the world would be a much be tter place without religion. The reason why he states, â€Å"it’s easy if you try† is because the world is horrific and brutal and it’s not hard imagining the world without a heaven.Lennon once stated, If you can imagine a world at peace, with no denominations of religion—not without religion but without this my God-is-bigger-than-your-God thing—then it can be true †¦ the World Church called me once and asked, â€Å"Can we use the lyrics to ‘Imagine' and just change it to ‘Imagine one religion? † That showed [me] they didn't understand it at all. It would defeat the whole purpose of the song, the whole idea. Lennon caused much conflict just within the first 15 seconds of the song, considering religion is quite a touchy subject among many people. I can positively see why this song triggered so much controversy. Imagine there's no countries, it isn't hard to do. Nothing to kill or die for, and no religion too. Imagine all the people living life in peace†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here again Lennon speaks upon religion. â€Å"The true inspiration for writing lyrics that captured that message of tranquility and harmony came to Lennon after he read â€Å"Grapefruit†; an inscription by his Japanese spouse Yoko Ono in which she speaks of the childhood experiences she had to live through during the course of the Second World War in her homeland of Japan. † (â€Å"Writing A Writing†) Ono’s book â€Å"Grapefruit† contains an array of poems, which I found very similar to the song â€Å"Imagine†.I think Lennon wrote that lyric, â€Å"imagine there’s no countries†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to state how he felt about war and religion. Without violence, the world would be uniformed. Within every verse Lennon shows how much potential humanity has. The chorus of the song contains a lyric so relatable to almost everyone. â€Å"You, you may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one. I hope some day you'll join us, and the world will be as one. † For the most part, everyone has imagined changing something or someone to resemble what they imagine flawless.Lennon’s dreams concern humankind and world peace ultimately. â€Å"Imagine no possessions, I wonder if you can, No need for greed or hunger, a brotherhood of man. Imagine all the people sharing all the world†¦ † The first line of this section of this song is what really stuck out to me. Possessions mean everything to a large majority of people nowadays. For example, most people want the biggest and the best of everything. If there a new phone, TV, or car out, everyone needs to have it and sometimes the material possessions mean more to the person more than their own family.Another obstacle that keeps people at a distance is their lack of ability to see everyone as equals, but, if we somehow found a way to cut out our greed, possessions, and our pride we could create a world of equals. This song is ultimately the voice of optimism and more so hope for mankind and humanity. It is an example of what the future can be, if we, as the people can accomplish. Lennon wanted to show what we were doing to ourselves and that with perseverance and determination we could mold the world and all nations into something we could be proud of.World peace is the crucial fixation Lennon is trying to get across during the whole song. â€Å"You, you may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one. I hope someday you'll join us, and the world will be as one. † That’s what Lennon is ultimately trying to get across. Don’t be afraid to dream and make a difference. Works Cited â€Å"‘Imagine’ by John Lennon. † World Socialist Movement. World Socialist Movement, 13 Aug 2006. Web. 31 Jan 2013. â€Å"Why Did John Lennon Write Imagine. † Writing A Writing. N. p. , 29 Sep 2010. Web. 28 Jan 2013. John Lennon. â€Å"Imagine. † Imagine. Mp3. EMI Records Ltd. 1971. Elryics. net. 2 Feb 2013.

Proposal †Story of an Hour Essay

Topic: The hidden feminism in â€Å"Story of an Hour†. My objective is to reveal author Kate Chopin’s feminist message in â€Å"Story of an Hour†, by identifying key elements of the short story. The main elements I want to focus on is Mrs. Mallard’s attitude toward the conflict in the story, I think that showed a feminist attitude. Mrs. Mallard’s every action and words exerted feminism, how she truly felt about her marriage was finally exposed. I would like to also pinpoint the acts of feminism during the time that this story was written that could possibly relate to each other. Thesis: Mrs. Mallard’s reaction of excitement to her husbands death revealed a feminist view of how most women truly felt and thought about their husbands back then. Questions to address: If this was Chopins way of expressing feminism, why would she do it in a form of ironic writing? Since â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written a little over 10 years after the time the death of Chopin’s first husband’s death similar to Mrs. Mallards? Did majority of women, back in those days, feel oppressed about their marriage like Mrs. Mallards did? In the story, Mrs. Mallard is diagnosed with heart disease, was this her true cause of death or was it â€Å"the joy that killed†? Did Chopin use Mrs. Mallard’s death as a form of guilt for being excited for her husband’s supposed death? Methodology: The sources that I intend on using for this assignment are reader’s journals from Galileo and other similar sites, that are written on â€Å"Story of an Hour†, and also secondary source books from my school library. The articles that I plan to utilize are the ones that have feminist references to â€Å"Story of an Hour†. I will those references in particular to support my argument. In addition I intend on using is a former reader response I have written on the character of Mrs. Mallard. By using this reader response as another secondary source, I am going to relate a few references to my argument and support that as well.

Pelican Stores Chapter 2 Case Study Statistics

Analysis of Data: Pelican Stores; National Clothing With the given data, it is feasible to find numerous comparisons and correlations in the within the numbers given. The most relevant data to the given case refers to the type of customer (whether or not the customer used the promotional coupon) as well as the number of purchases made using the various forms of payment mentioned within the data table.As the Case Problem introduction stated, there were 100 sales included in the data set, using four different methods of payment, to assess the use and productivity of the promotional coupon. Pelican Stores sent out a promotional coupon to boost sales and gain a new customer base, relying on the assumption that the promotional coupon will draw in those people. The key notes of the data to note that pertain to the productivity of the coupon is the Type Of Customer column.The data given is either â€Å"regular† or â€Å"promotional†. The â€Å"regular† customers are tho se who did NOT receive the promotional coupon, and are assumed to be already returning customers. The â€Å"promotional† customers are assumed to be new customers, because the only people who received the promotional coupon were â€Å"new customers† who had shopped at other National Clothing stores, but not at the Pelican brand stores. Another notable part of the data in this section is the Method of Payment bar graph.Note that the â€Å"Proprietary Card† payment method indicates purchases made by customers of other National Clothing stores (the Proprietary Card is a charge card only available through National Clothing). Figure 1: Shows the distribution of sales between the four different payment methods; Discover, MasterCard, Visa, Proprietary Car Figure 2: Shows the distribution of customer type between the two options; Regular (returning Pelican Stores customers) and Promotional (those who received the promotional coupon)

Mission Statement writting assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mission Statement writting assigment - Assignment Example To ensure that they nurture the human spirit, they maintain going for the best coffee available in the market around the world. For "one person, one cup and a neighborhood at a time," Starbucks has its own way of developing loyal customers and contributes to the environment even as it makes its profits (Diane, Raven, & Al-Mutair, 1998). In another article on "Wake up and smell the coffee," by Anonymous author, it is stated that during when Starbucks is roasting its coffee, there is a production of smoke that when released to the environment just that way, it causes environmental pollution (Anonymous, 2006). This would show how Starbucks engages in an activity that is considered unethical or illegal. However, the company tries so much to reduce this issue by completing the oxidation process of the material into CO2 and water, which are, therefore, safe to release to the

Middle east and international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Middle east and international relations - Essay Example On the other hand, Efraim and Karsh comment that the debate regarding Arab nationalism as a model of homogenous states bound by common language, religion and history has â€Å"dominated Middle Eastern political discourse for the most part of this century† (1996). However, they highlight that regardless of the concept of Arab nationalism in academic rhetoric; Arab nationalism has not succeeded in achieving the goal of unifying the â€Å"Arab† nation under a model of pan-Arabism. Moreover, Biersteker and Weber highlight that in terms of Arab nationalism the central issue in Arab states is â€Å"whether Arab nationalism was or was not consistent with state sovereignty and the territorial legacy† (1996, p149). Additionally, Biersteker and Weber refer to the argument that 1967’s turning point led to Arab recognition of state sovereignty, thereby dispelling pan-Arabism and replacing the state versus nation conflict (1996,p.149). In turn, the fragmentation of various ethno-cultural groups within these states has led to a dichotomy between political state identity and national identity. For example, Rinawi refers to the example of Operation Iraqi Freedom as crystallising the distinction between sovereignty and pan Arabism, whereby with â€Å"this event the divide between the pan-Arabic and specific localised Arab agendas became apparent† (2006, p.xxi). This is further evidenced by the growing role and influence of Iran in the area as a result of the destabilisation of Iraq under Operation Iraqi Freedom, which has been of increasing concern to the US and Europe (Potemski, 2007). Accordingly, it is submitted that the central issues relating to the Middle East in context of the contemporary framework of international relations is the complex relationship between nationalism and identity in the Arab states, the terrorism phenomenon and the growing influence of Iran in the area.

VRIO framework of Gillette Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

VRIO framework of Gillette - Research Proposal Example Gillette can also use its goodwill in the market to increase brand saliency. It can also show the bigness of the brand by telling people that it is a part of Gillette Family.. It should inform people that the raw-materials used by Duracell are better than those used by competitors. Using the VRIO framework, the firm can exploit its brand to help with the brand positioning. However, since competition threat is high, due to lack of barriers to entry, more competition is going enter the industry and will threat Duracell's position in the market. This will further drain the resources. However, looking from the SCP model, the firm cannot change much about the structure, it can improve its own conduct and start acting like a market leader. It can also improve the product's appeal to make it look better than competing brands of batteries. Duracell can also join hands with one of its competitor to share knowledge and technology to operate in the market as a bigger brand. This would also help the new bigger firm to exploit all the benefits of economies of scale and to lower its costs to compete with the cheaper brands of batteries. It will really helpful in improve the financial statements of the company and to tackle declining stock prices and deteriorating income statement. The company should try not to divest the brand as it would decrease the product line.

Festival and events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Festival and events - Essay Example In addition, we have also approached for additional funding from the Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd that offers sponsorship based on their internal evaluations for events that deliver community benefits that align to the direction of the company (n.d). In this note, the company agreed to donate $1000 to sponsor the night trivia. Further, we were keen in controlling the costs of organizing the event by ensuring that we select a venue that is cost effective. Our choice of venue for the event is Apple cross Anglican Church where it is possible to reduce the total cost for holding the event while still making the guests to have fun. The main hall areas in the Apple cross Anglican Church can host a maximum of about 230 guests at a cost of $20 per hour after 6pm for non-profit events (Applecross Anglican Church, n.d). In addition, the venue has other additional offers such as tables and soft drinks. Further, we have approached the Sound Guys Company where we have obtained discounted sound system at a cost of $70 for the event. All these additional resources make the cost of holding the event in the venue to be within our limited budget. In order to attract a large number of guests, we have organized some prizes and gifts that will be given to the participants of night trivia. For instance, we have approached Dymocks book shop who agreed to donate different types of books in order to support the event. In addition, we have also approached Coles Supermarkets who agreed to support the night trivia by donating food hampers that will play great part in attracting more participants. Further, we were able to get some gifts such as soaps, perfumes and lotions from Elizabeth Shop that will also constitute the prizes to be given out. In order for the participants to win the gifts, the trivia will be organized in such a way that groups in a table will compete

Medium is the Message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Medium is the Message - Essay Example Electric speed has made known in the desert, savannah and bushes the lines of force operating from Western technology. Electric speeds cause prehistoric cultures to intermingle the dregs of the non-literate, the industrial marketeers with the cultures of the semiliterate and post-literate (McLuhan 20). This uprooting and outpouring with new information accompanied with endless new patterns of information results in mental breakdown of varying degrees. An increasing awareness in the effects of technology on the formation and manifestation of psychic has resulted in persons to lose of confidence in the right to assign guilt. According to ancient prehistoric societies, crime was solely pathetic. In our IQ testing, a great flood of misbegotten standards has been produced (McLuhan 19). This results in our individual testers assume that intelligence is displayed by uniform continuous habits. The typographic cultural bias eliminates the tactile and ear man. Typographic spell is a transforming power of media which causes progressive efficiency and simplification in any technology. This effect challenges the response of senses, but this is constantly ignored. Arnold Toynbee, for instance, imagines that it is the response of the opinions that is pertinent to the effects of media and technology in the society (McLuhan 27). The medium has, therefore, taken dominance, and is not only the bearer of the message, but the

Female education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Female education - Essay Example What will be the impact on the efficiency and life style of the female faculty staff if they are provided with the massage facility in order to reduce the level of stress in imparting their too heavy pedagogical duties H3. The holistic participation in the health alternative practice of therapeutic massage treatments improve a lot the quality of life of female faculty working in the Teacher Education program at this (Name) University. The population for this study will consist of thirty female faculties working in the Teacher Education program at a (Name) University. The group of thirty female faculties will participant in a pretest and posttest Perceived Stress Scale of 10 items. Fifteen female faculty participants, randomly selected from the group of thirty, will receive three therapeutic massages over a six-week period. The massages will be designed to reduce stress, and to relax and revitalize the body, mind, and spirit. The fifteen female faulty participants receiving therapeutic massage will become the experimental group, whereas, the remaining fifteen participants of the original group of thirty will become the control group. To acquire the necessary data regarding stress, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthurs' Perceived Stress Scale of 10 items will be administered to thirty female faculties working in the Teacher Education program at a (Name) University. The Perceived Stress Scale is available at http://www.maces.ucsf.edu/research/Psychosocial/notebook/PPS10.html. Permission for use of this scale is not necessary when used for academic research or educational purposes. Data Collection Approval to conduct the study of quality of life of higher education female faculty working in the Teacher Education program at a (Name) University to determine what if any difference the effects of therapeutic massage designed to relax and revitalize the mind, body, and spirit has on stress reduction and management, and overall quality of life will be sought from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Capella University and at Minot State University. Approval from both institutions will allow the primary investigator to conduct the study in fairness and good faith. Return of the surveys will imply consent on the part of respondents to participate in the study. The survey will be mailed from the Office of the Secretary of Teacher Education on the (Name) University campus. The survey will be returned in a pre-addressed, postage paid envelope to (Name), independent investigator, data collector and analyzer. (Name's) office is located in the Math and Computer Science Building on the campus the (Name) University. The independent investigator will code response envelopes to identify respondents for follow-up purposes. Instruments and envelopes will be separated upon receipt by the independent inv

Orginators of socialst thought and action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Orginators of socialst thought and action - Essay Example Socialist was predominantly striking for Jews worried to leave Ghetto behind them and who, frustrated with the slow advancement of 19th- century liberalism, were eager to embrace a different worldwide faith. In France some considered the emancipation of the Jews as being one of the preconditions for the freedom of humankind. They alleged that Jewish monotheism foreshadowed the forthcoming harmony of mankind and their followers incorporated many French Jews. Socialism began in Russia later than Western Europe, in the next half of the 19th century. Following the death of Nicholas I and the accession of Alexander II led to the emancipation of the serfs and reduction of the repressive regime. Jewish became less secluded from broad stream of Russian communal life. Lots of Jewish socialist came from conventional homes and were slanted by the writing of Russian philosophers, whose effort they read at schools (Silberner, 36). Jews largely favored integration, since they regarded Judaism as outdated and thought that Jewish liberation would come about in the course of the liberalization of Russian citizens with whom the Jews should incorporate. Thus, most of the early Jewish socialist regarded the Russian socialism as more important than Jewish emancipation (Silberner, 44). Jews chose to join the revolutionaries and go to the people. A number of Jewish socialists transformed to Christianity to ease their actions amongst the public, while Jewish women socialist became estranged from Judaism by marriage to non-Jewish revolutionaries. The establishment of socialist regimes in European countries led to the repression of socialist parties and thus brought to an end the lengthy part of Jewish contribution in the fight for democratic socialist ideas in Russia (Silberner,

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA Essay

Significance of Discoveries in Genetics and DNA - Essay Example The principles and procedures of genetics were first advanced by Gregory Mendel, who performed a series of experiments that pointed the existence of genes. Mendel performed experiments through selective cross breeding of pea plants over generations. He discovered that some traits show in offspring without any blending with parents. For example, an offspring of a cross-pollinated purple flowered and white coloured pea plant did not rise to intermediate colours. The offspring in the first generation were in a ratio of 3:1 and the second-generation self-cross gave rise to a 1:1 ratio. Mendel therefore concluded that inheritance of traits is determined by units that are passed to offspring unchanged. Secondly, that an individual will inherit one unit from each parent for each trait and that the trait does not show up in the first generation, but will eventually in the subsequent generations. According to Mendel, the dominant allele masked the presence of the recessive allele in the F1 generation. His work gave rise to two genetic principles. Firstly, the law of segregation that states that for any trait alleles separate, only one passes fr om the parent to the offspring. Secondly, the principle of independent assortment which states that alleles are passed from the parent to the offspring independent of each other (Bortz, 2014). Following the discovery of Mendelian principles, T.H. Morgan performed experiments on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster because of their different body features that can help distinguish males and females. He observed the colour of their eyes, shape of wings and body shape. The choice of characteristics was distinctive for crossing because of the pronounced phenotypes. Before Mendel’s discoveries, evolutionary scientists like Charles Darwin believed that traits in an organism are selected through natural selection where the fittest organisms survived phasing out the least adaptable species.